Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other
All motor vehicle operators not listed separately.
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What the data says: Jobs are projected to grow 2.8% by 2035. Its tasks haven't been rated for what AI could do. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 5.9% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 9.1 hires for every 10 job openings in retail trade, which employs about 21% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.9.1 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $52,100 | $34,460 to $58,610 | 200 |
| Alaska | $74,710 | $30,840 to $81,290 | 100 |
| Arizona | $55,680 | $50,380 to $64,940 | 360 |
| Arkansas | $36,090 | $27,440 to $53,120 | 140 |
| California | $45,050 | $38,260 to $61,810 | 3,580 |
| Colorado | $39,190 | $36,140 to $46,550 | 3,430 |
| Connecticut | $37,440 | $34,010 to $39,620 | 450 |
| Delaware | $38,790 | $31,200 to $43,540 | not published |
| District of Columbia | $69,870 | $64,230 to $70,120 | 980 |
| Florida | $37,330 | $31,710 to $44,410 | 2,590 |
| Georgia | $36,120 | $30,520 to $59,050 | 2,210 |
| Hawaii | $61,110 | $36,230 to $71,590 | 230 |
| Idaho | $41,190 | $37,710 to $46,070 | 70 |
| Illinois | $44,810 | $33,860 to $76,900 | 840 |
| Indiana | $26,920 | $25,480 to $47,510 | 560 |
| Iowa | $48,300 | $44,120 to $59,310 | 50 |
| Kansas | $49,880 | $23,320 to $62,800 | 70 |
| Kentucky | $23,870 | $20,800 to $45,220 | 450 |
| Louisiana | $37,730 | $33,390 to $44,050 | 280 |
| Maine | $33,690 | $30,880 to $35,440 | 310 |
| Maryland | $35,440 | $33,360 to $46,410 | 570 |
| Massachusetts | $36,540 | $33,090 to $47,630 | 1,210 |
| Michigan | $33,990 | $29,060 to $35,110 | 2,600 |
| Minnesota | $34,670 | $30,140 to $37,230 | 1,190 |
| Mississippi | $46,500 | $21,420 to $56,750 | 160 |
| Missouri | $32,330 | $28,810 to $38,490 | 1,400 |
| Montana | $41,860 | $32,290 to $55,890 | 670 |
| Nebraska | $33,280 | $28,110 to $38,380 | 760 |
| Nevada | $25,290 | $24,960 to $54,790 | 320 |
| New Hampshire | $31,770 | $27,870 to $35,700 | 150 |
| New Jersey | $50,680 | $37,810 to $81,930 | 1,790 |
| New Mexico | $54,270 | $34,170 to $64,060 | 160 |
| New York | $38,950 | $35,440 to $47,560 | 3,540 |
| North Carolina | $29,000 | $22,620 to $32,830 | 2,000 |
| North Dakota | $34,230 | $20,930 to $52,020 | 220 |
| Ohio | $31,040 | $23,980 to $43,780 | 2,430 |
| Oklahoma | $57,550 | $24,980 to $64,380 | 180 |
| Oregon | $34,870 | $33,890 to $41,230 | 1,190 |
| Pennsylvania | $32,790 | $27,490 to $53,240 | 1,320 |
| Puerto Rico | $51,420 | $47,590 to $53,310 | not published |
| Rhode Island | $42,530 | $34,230 to $53,210 | 50 |
| South Carolina | $27,840 | $23,170 to $48,240 | 450 |
| South Dakota | $53,790 | $42,020 to $58,070 | 100 |
| Tennessee | $33,550 | $28,090 to $45,380 | 2,310 |
| Texas | $36,340 | $31,040 to $45,640 | 2,570 |
| Utah | $56,140 | $51,600 to $64,310 | 70 |
| Vermont | $29,290 | $29,140 to $31,110 | 130 |
| Virginia | $36,520 | $34,460 to $52,250 | 910 |
| Washington | $59,730 | $48,820 to $74,650 | 310 |
| West Virginia | $31,790 | $28,730 to $52,640 | 240 |
| Wisconsin | $33,970 | $26,990 to $43,720 | 710 |
| Wyoming | $48,530 | $39,410 to $58,070 | 80 |
Nationally: $37,180. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for motor vehicle operators, all other specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 2,987 moves out
- 1 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 6%
- 2 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 6%
- 3 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers Very high +6.1% 4%
- 4 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive Very high -6.0% 4%
- 5 Customer Service Representatives Very high -5.3% 4%
Where people moved in from
of 4,768 moves in
- 1 Customer Service Representatives Very high -5.3% 5%
- 2 Counselors, All Other High +5.9% 4%
- 3 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand Low +1.8% 4%
- 4 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 3%
- 5 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive Very high -6.0% 3%
Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 12% less than high school
- 40% high school
- 22% some college
- 11% associate's
- 11% bachelor's
- 3% master's
- 1% doctorate
Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation · 1,114 people surveyed.
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
BLS publishes no credential figures for this occupation.
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeships: DOL's list of apprenticeable occupations doesn't include this one.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS
See it online, and explore any career: https://www.pathmosaic.com/card/53-3099.00