Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs
Also called: Chauffeur, Driver, Limo Driver (Limousine Driver), Shuttle DriverDrive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on a planned or scheduled basis. May collect a fare. Includes nonemergency medical transporters and hearse drivers.
On a phone, press and hold a picture to save it to Photos.
opens your phone's share sheet, where you can save both to Photos
What the data says: AI could halve the time on 8 of its 26 tasks, and jobs are projected to grow 7.1% by 2035. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 4.5% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 9.0 hires for every 10 job openings in transportation, warehousing, and utilities, which employs about 43% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.9.0 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $30,960 | $28,370 to $35,760 | 1,850 |
| Alaska | $39,800 | $35,410 to $47,840 | 960 |
| Arizona | $36,840 | $33,620 to $43,360 | 5,620 |
| Arkansas | $29,740 | $27,740 to $33,900 | 1,910 |
| California | $44,730 | $37,330 to $50,660 | 29,940 |
| Colorado | $41,020 | $36,720 to $48,870 | 4,710 |
| Connecticut | $38,540 | $36,470 to $45,690 | 3,410 |
| Delaware | $37,880 | $35,020 to $51,440 | 880 |
| District of Columbia | $45,700 | $44,750 to $58,150 | 440 |
| Florida | $34,660 | $30,070 to $36,980 | 15,490 |
| Georgia | $34,110 | $29,140 to $40,490 | 5,810 |
| Guam | $26,940 | $21,950 to $28,770 | 110 |
| Hawaii | $50,310 | $42,100 to $63,110 | 2,490 |
| Idaho | $36,190 | $31,770 to $44,540 | 1,110 |
| Illinois | $37,590 | $34,980 to $46,780 | 7,840 |
| Indiana | $32,780 | $28,400 to $37,500 | 4,810 |
| Iowa | $32,580 | $27,810 to $37,440 | 1,880 |
| Kansas | $34,670 | $30,000 to $37,130 | 2,680 |
| Kentucky | $33,580 | $29,210 to $37,290 | 2,630 |
| Louisiana | $30,640 | $26,360 to $37,680 | 2,140 |
| Maine | $38,060 | $35,540 to $44,730 | 1,190 |
| Maryland | $39,750 | $36,380 to $47,140 | 5,480 |
| Massachusetts | $43,590 | $37,890 to $47,860 | 12,620 |
| Michigan | $36,330 | $31,270 to $42,050 | 5,870 |
| Minnesota | $39,810 | $35,130 to $48,410 | 6,500 |
| Mississippi | $26,900 | $21,640 to $33,090 | 1,150 |
| Missouri | $37,050 | $32,720 to $43,780 | 4,700 |
| Montana | $36,620 | $32,780 to $41,690 | 590 |
| Nebraska | $35,280 | $30,320 to $38,490 | 1,570 |
| Nevada | $36,170 | $30,610 to $46,830 | 3,460 |
| New Hampshire | $34,090 | $29,080 to $47,900 | 1,220 |
| New Jersey | $39,470 | $35,900 to $47,610 | 9,330 |
| New Mexico | $34,970 | $28,750 to $39,610 | 1,490 |
| New York | $44,160 | $36,680 to $54,820 | 18,130 |
| North Carolina | $31,980 | $28,350 to $37,470 | 5,520 |
| North Dakota | $37,560 | $35,980 to $44,840 | 660 |
| Ohio | $33,530 | $29,390 to $37,960 | 10,450 |
| Oklahoma | $32,590 | $28,210 to $36,400 | 1,270 |
| Oregon | $37,310 | $35,510 to $44,980 | 3,510 |
| Pennsylvania | $34,230 | $27,740 to $38,220 | 14,410 |
| Puerto Rico | $21,890 | $21,840 to $22,920 | 1,630 |
| Rhode Island | $36,300 | $31,770 to $43,360 | 790 |
| South Carolina | $30,490 | $26,050 to $35,920 | 2,500 |
| South Dakota | $36,310 | $32,550 to $38,230 | 620 |
| Tennessee | $33,450 | $30,180 to $38,790 | 3,240 |
| Texas | $35,600 | $27,820 to $41,530 | 13,240 |
| Utah | $37,890 | $33,910 to $45,450 | 1,060 |
| Vermont | $42,270 | $39,370 to $46,320 | 470 |
| Virgin Islands | $35,300 | $29,000 to $36,990 | 70 |
| Virginia | $38,670 | $34,330 to $46,600 | 7,760 |
| Washington | $44,660 | $40,660 to $51,340 | 4,780 |
| West Virginia | $27,950 | $24,010 to $31,400 | 1,000 |
| Wisconsin | $34,000 | $28,180 to $37,900 | 6,820 |
| Wyoming | $33,540 | $29,360 to $37,670 | 560 |
Nationally: $37,290. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 8 of its 26 tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Not much | Test vehicle equipment, such as lights, brakes, horns, or windshield wipers, to ensure proper operation. | Not published |
| Not much | Check the condition of a vehicle's tires, brakes, windshield wipers, lights, oil, fuel, water, and safety equipment to ensure that everything is in working order. | Not published |
| Not much | Comply with traffic regulations to operate vehicles in a safe and courteous manner. | Not published |
| Not much | Follow relevant safety regulations and state laws governing vehicle operation, and ensure that passengers follow safety regulations. | Not published |
| Not much | Report any vehicle malfunctions or needed repairs. | Not published |
| Not much | Drive shuttle busses, limousines, company cars, or privately owned vehicles to transport passengers. | Not published |
See all 26 tasks
| Not much | Operate vehicles with specialized equipment, such as wheelchair lifts, to transport and secure passengers with special needs. | Not published |
| AI + software | Prepare and submit reports that may include the number of passengers or trips, hours worked, mileage driven fuel consumed, or fares received. | Not published |
| Not much | Perform routine vehicle maintenance, such as regulating tire pressure and adding gasoline, oil, and water. | Not published |
| AI + software | Communicate with dispatchers by radio, telephone, or computer to exchange information and receive requests for passenger service. | Not published |
| AI + software | Notify dispatchers or company mechanics of vehicle problems. | Not published |
| Not much | Provide passengers with assistance entering and exiting vehicles, and help them with any luggage. | Not published |
| AI + software | Complete accident reports when necessary. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | Report delays, accidents, or other traffic and transportation situations, using telephones or mobile two-way radios. | Not published |
| AI alone | Arrange to pick up particular customers or groups on a regular schedule. | Not published |
| Not much | Regulate heating, lighting, and ventilation systems for passenger comfort. | Not published |
| Not much | Maintain knowledge of first-aid procedures. | Not published |
| Not much | Pick up or meet passengers according to requests, appointments, or schedules. | Not published |
| Not much | Read maps and follow written and verbal geographic directions. | Not published |
| Not much | Pick up and drop off passengers at regularly scheduled neighborhood locations, following strict time schedules. | Not published |
| Not much | Vacuum and clean interiors, and wash and polish exteriors of automobiles. | Not published |
| AI + software | Record vehicle routes. | Not published |
| AI + software | Provide passengers with information or advice about the local area, points of interest, hotels, or restaurants. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Perform minor vehicle repairs, such as cleaning spark plugs, or take vehicles to mechanics for servicing. | Not published |
| Not much | Collect fares or vouchers from passengers, and make change or issue receipts as necessary. | Not published |
| Not much | Perform errands for customers or employers, such as delivering or picking up mail and packages. | Not published |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 2 of the 26 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 26 tasks fall under 15 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #4 Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise
- #8 Read documents or materials to inform work processes
- #11 Provide information to guests, clients, or customers
- and 1 more, in the table below
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operate transportation equipment or vehicles | |||
| Provide general assistance to others, such as customers, patrons, or motorists | |||
| Notify others of emergencies or problems | |||
| Communicate with others about operational plans or activities | |||
| Clean tools, equipment, facilities, or work areas | |||
| Maintain operational records | |||
| Maintain vehicles in working condition | |||
| Inspect vehicles |
Show all 15 activities
| Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise | |||
| Read documents or materials to inform work processes | |||
| Provide information to guests, clients, or customers | |||
| Schedule operational activities | |||
| Prepare reports of operational or procedural activities | |||
| Move materials, equipment, or supplies | |||
| Collect fares or payments |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- Advice or a recommendation26%
- A plan or strategy26%
- An explanation or answer22%
- A document or report13%
- An email or message5%
How they worked with Claude
18% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for shuttle drivers and chauffeurs specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 35,294 moves out
- 1 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 9%
- 2 Light Truck Drivers Moderate +6.3% 4%
- 3 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 4%
- 4 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity Moderate +4.1% 4%
- 5 Security Guards Moderate +0.9% 3%
Where people moved in from
of 54,166 moves in
- 1 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 5%
- 2 Customer Service Representatives Very high -5.3% 4%
- 3 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive Very high -6.0% 3%
- 4 Light Truck Drivers Moderate +6.3% 3%
- 5 Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity Moderate +4.1% 3%
The resume data uses 2010 occupation codes. This occupation comes from “Bus Drivers, School or Special Client” and “Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs”, which today also include “Bus Drivers, School” and “Taxi Drivers”, so these figures cover those too. Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
O*NET survey of workers in this occupation
- 17% less than high school
- 56% high school
- 26% not published
O*NET marks 26% of the answers as too uncertain to publish, so the parts shown don't add up to 100%.
O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 20 people answered.
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 13% less than high school
- 33% high school
- 27% some college
- 9% associate's
- 14% bachelor's
- 3% master's
Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation · 917 people surveyed.
Why the two can differ
O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation
1 program: Truck and Bus Driver/Commercial Vehicle Operator and Instructor.
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
>99.5% this occupation
45.3% all occupations
| By kind | This occupation | All occupations |
|---|---|---|
| a certification | <0.5% | 5.8% |
| an educational certificate | <0.5% | 2.8% |
| a license | not published |
Share of jobs whose employer requires it. BLS doesn't say which credential. How to read this
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeships: DOL's list of apprenticeable occupations doesn't include this one.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS
See it online, and explore any career: https://www.pathmosaic.com/card/53-3053.00