School Psychologists
Also called: Bilingual School Psychologist, Early Intervention School Psychologist, School Neuropsychologist, School PsychometristDiagnose and implement individual or schoolwide interventions or strategies to address educational, behavioral, or developmental issues that adversely impact educational functioning in a school. May address student learning and behavioral problems and counsel students or families. May design and implement performance plans, and evaluate performance. May consult with other school-based personnel.
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What the data says: AI could halve the time on 16 of its 19 tasks, yet jobs are projected to grow 0.8% by 2035. In the most exposed occupations, the squeeze shows up first among early-career workers. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 0.5% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 7.8 hires for every 10 job openings in private educational services, which employs about 94% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.7.8 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $75,060 | $71,970 to $78,700 | 370 |
| Alaska | $94,460 | $84,420 to $104,110 | 120 |
| Arizona | $92,380 | $81,330 to $101,570 | 1,100 |
| Arkansas | $64,030 | $54,160 to $74,820 | 440 |
| California | $127,780 | $109,940 to $140,980 | 8,340 |
| Colorado | $124,770 | $105,390 to $141,060 | 1,380 |
| Connecticut | $100,600 | $81,160 to $110,220 | 1,140 |
| Delaware | $95,990 | $76,340 to $104,240 | 280 |
| District of Columbia | $107,500 | $96,560 to $136,940 | 250 |
| Florida | $84,760 | $76,730 to $102,300 | 2,020 |
| Georgia | $99,110 | $76,310 to $106,370 | 1,650 |
| Hawaii | $82,110 | $80,320 to $82,940 | 90 |
| Idaho | $71,700 | $59,130 to $88,110 | 310 |
| Illinois | $84,690 | $74,790 to $108,180 | 3,590 |
| Indiana | $77,640 | $66,050 to $88,520 | 710 |
| Iowa | $74,410 | $52,970 to $85,460 | 400 |
| Kansas | $73,020 | $63,520 to $82,220 | 630 |
| Kentucky | $75,370 | $65,860 to $86,940 | 590 |
| Louisiana | $69,020 | $62,000 to $80,660 | 670 |
| Maine | $81,650 | $75,330 to $100,890 | 120 |
| Maryland | $109,700 | $92,370 to $135,780 | 1,520 |
| Massachusetts | $98,670 | $80,900 to $111,990 | 3,300 |
| Michigan | $83,960 | $67,290 to $100,470 | 1,480 |
| Minnesota | $85,190 | $74,410 to $101,630 | 1,060 |
| Mississippi | $61,070 | $51,580 to $71,360 | not published |
| Missouri | $70,290 | $63,620 to $82,350 | 520 |
| Montana | $80,010 | $64,050 to $90,340 | 170 |
| Nebraska | $88,980 | $76,570 to $107,830 | 440 |
| Nevada | $93,680 | $88,820 to $107,140 | 290 |
| New Hampshire | $73,490 | $45,070 to $93,380 | 360 |
| New Jersey | $95,160 | $80,670 to $110,880 | 2,130 |
| New Mexico | $110,360 | $97,540 to $132,840 | 630 |
| New York | $106,550 | $81,370 to $148,780 | 9,070 |
| North Carolina | $73,220 | $63,580 to $80,870 | 1,540 |
| North Dakota | $68,960 | $56,010 to $76,700 | 90 |
| Ohio | $91,010 | $74,720 to $105,630 | 2,050 |
| Oklahoma | $64,930 | $52,400 to $87,520 | 510 |
| Oregon | $106,070 | $90,980 to $130,760 | 570 |
| Pennsylvania | $82,190 | $72,950 to $100,350 | 2,600 |
| Puerto Rico | $97,210 | $96,630 to $97,210 | 810 |
| Rhode Island | $94,900 | $80,640 to $101,110 | 210 |
| South Carolina | $76,720 | $64,720 to $86,480 | 720 |
| South Dakota | $78,370 | $68,640 to $89,510 | 110 |
| Tennessee | $76,850 | $65,720 to $86,190 | 900 |
| Texas | $83,690 | $77,630 to $103,220 | 4,250 |
| Utah | $77,820 | $66,540 to $98,840 | 490 |
| Vermont | $82,820 | $74,300 to $95,500 | 180 |
| Virginia | $85,670 | $77,550 to $106,550 | 1,200 |
| Washington | $108,780 | $101,160 to $131,120 | 1,420 |
| West Virginia | $75,220 | $67,570 to $91,410 | 250 |
| Wisconsin | $83,330 | $74,510 to $99,750 | 1,180 |
| Wyoming | $83,740 | $78,450 to $94,710 | 120 |
Nationally: $95,990. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 16 of its 19 tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| AI + software | Report any pertinent information to the proper authorities in cases of child endangerment, neglect, or abuse. | Not published |
| AI alone | Interpret test results and prepare psychological reports for teachers, administrators, and parents. | Not published |
| AI + software | Maintain student records, including special education reports, confidential records, records of services provided, and behavioral data. | Not published |
| AI + software | Compile and interpret students' test results, along with information from teachers and parents, to diagnose conditions and to help assess eligibility for special services. | Not published |
| AI + software | Collaborate with other educational professionals to develop teaching strategies and school programs. | Not published |
| AI + software | Select, administer, and score psychological tests. | Not published |
See all 19 tasks
| AI alone | Assess an individual child's needs, limitations, and potential, using observation, review of school records, and consultation with parents and school personnel. | Not published |
| AI + software | Collect and analyze data to evaluate the effectiveness of academic programs and other services, such as behavioral management systems. | Not published |
| Not much | Initiate and direct efforts to foster tolerance, understanding, and appreciation of diversity in school communities. | Not published |
| AI alone | Promote an understanding of child development and its relationship to learning and behavior. | 0.01% |
| AI alone | Provide consultation to parents, teachers, administrators, and others on topics such as learning styles and behavior modification techniques. | 0.02% |
| Not much | Attend workshops, seminars, or professional meetings to remain informed of new developments in school psychology. | Not published |
| AI alone | Develop individualized educational plans in collaboration with teachers and other staff members. | Not published |
| Not much | Counsel children and families to help solve conflicts and problems in learning and adjustment. | Not published |
| AI + software | Serve as a resource to help families and schools deal with crises, such as separation and loss. | Not published |
| AI alone | Refer students and their families to appropriate community agencies for medical, vocational, or social services. | Not published |
| AI + software | Provide educational programs on topics such as classroom management, teaching strategies, or parenting skills. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | Design classes and programs to meet the needs of special students. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | Conduct research to generate new knowledge that can be used to address learning and behavior issues. | Not published |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 4 of the 19 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 19 tasks fall under 15 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #4 Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise
- #20 Present research or technical information
- #22 Investigate individuals' background, behavior, or activities
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Develop educational programs, plans, or procedures | |||
| Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise | |||
| Advise others on educational or vocational matters | |||
| Counsel others about personal matters | |||
| Collect information about patients or clients | |||
| Present research or technical information | |||
| Investigate individuals' background, behavior, or activities | |||
| Advise others on healthcare or wellness issues |
Show all 15 activities
| Research organizational behavior, processes, or performance | |||
| Analyze data to improve operations | |||
| Coordinate activities with clients, agencies, or organizations | |||
| Maintain operational records | |||
| Perform human resources activities | |||
| Assess student capabilities, needs, or performance | |||
| Direct scientific or technical activities |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- An explanation or answer25%
- Teaching material18%
- A document or report15%
- Advice or a recommendation14%
- An analysis or summary6%
How they worked with Claude
24% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for school psychologists specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 31,167 moves out
- 1 Medical and Health Services Managers High +24.2% 9%
- 2 Registered Nurses High +5.6% 8%
- 3 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 7%
- 4 Postsecondary Teachers, All Other Very high +2.0% 6%
- 5 Mental Health Counselors 6%
Where people moved in from
of 42,291 moves in
- 1 Registered Nurses High +5.6% 7%
- 2 Mental Health Counselors 7%
- 3 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 6%
- 4 Medical and Health Services Managers High +24.2% 6%
- 5 Office Clerks, General Very high -6.0% 3%
The resume data uses 2010 occupation codes. This occupation comes from “Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists”, which today also includes “Clinical and Counseling Psychologists”, so these figures cover it too. Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
O*NET survey of workers in this occupation
- 23% master's
- 58% post-master's certificate
- 15% professional doctorate
- 4% research doctorate
O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 26 people answered.
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 10% bachelor's
- 54% master's
- 22% professional degree
- 14% doctorate
Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation · 641 people surveyed.
Why the two can differ
O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation
2 programs: School Psychology and Educational Psychology.
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
>85% this occupation
45.3% all occupations
| By kind | This occupation | All occupations |
|---|---|---|
| a license | not published | |
| a certification | not published | |
| an educational certificate | not published |
Share of jobs whose employer requires it. BLS doesn't say which credential. How to read this
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeships: DOL's list of apprenticeable occupations doesn't include this one.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS · Brynjolfsson, Chandar and Chen, Stanford (Aug 2026)
See it online, and explore any career: https://www.pathmosaic.com/card/19-3034.00