First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand
Also called: Receiving Supervisor, Shipping Supervisor, Warehouse Manager, Warehouse SupervisorDirectly supervise and coordinate the activities of helpers, laborers, or material movers, hand.
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What the data says: AI could halve the time on 13 of its 24 tasks, yet jobs are projected to grow 3.0% by 2035. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
BLS figures cover the broader occupation “First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors”, which includes this one and others.
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 2.1% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers”
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 9.0 hires for every 10 job openings in transportation, warehousing, and utilities, which employs about 34% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.9.0 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $59,780 | $47,110 to $75,800 | 12,330 |
| Alaska | $64,420 | $50,670 to $87,610 | 1,830 |
| Arizona | $63,360 | $48,950 to $76,250 | 11,190 |
| Arkansas | $56,810 | $45,480 to $73,380 | 5,120 |
| California | $65,550 | $52,300 to $79,530 | 67,920 |
| Colorado | $65,380 | $56,170 to $81,070 | 11,890 |
| Connecticut | $65,440 | $53,610 to $79,580 | 5,870 |
| Delaware | $62,510 | $52,950 to $79,670 | 2,270 |
| District of Columbia | $60,310 | $45,640 to $81,340 | 920 |
| Florida | $61,000 | $49,400 to $76,580 | 34,650 |
| Georgia | $63,540 | $48,300 to $77,600 | 26,660 |
| Guam | $37,550 | $33,250 to $58,780 | 210 |
| Hawaii | $65,000 | $51,430 to $80,400 | 3,130 |
| Idaho | $56,290 | $47,160 to $73,380 | 3,070 |
| Illinois | $65,420 | $54,770 to $79,940 | 25,270 |
| Indiana | $64,700 | $51,050 to $78,830 | 15,250 |
| Iowa | $60,490 | $50,410 to $75,310 | 6,480 |
| Kansas | $62,940 | $51,570 to $77,130 | 7,520 |
| Kentucky | $60,090 | $47,970 to $74,880 | 10,180 |
| Louisiana | $60,260 | $47,790 to $75,070 | 8,120 |
| Maine | $60,090 | $48,650 to $75,510 | 2,370 |
| Maryland | $74,070 | $57,790 to $94,370 | 11,990 |
| Massachusetts | $65,570 | $54,600 to $81,580 | 10,660 |
| Michigan | $60,280 | $47,870 to $76,120 | 14,600 |
| Minnesota | $68,430 | $57,970 to $81,010 | 9,410 |
| Mississippi | $59,290 | $47,600 to $74,990 | 4,950 |
| Missouri | $60,370 | $48,430 to $77,220 | 10,500 |
| Montana | $60,670 | $49,780 to $74,970 | 1,990 |
| Nebraska | $60,630 | $48,490 to $74,800 | 3,530 |
| Nevada | $60,340 | $50,060 to $76,840 | 6,290 |
| New Hampshire | $63,950 | $52,610 to $77,620 | 2,440 |
| New Jersey | $67,980 | $55,960 to $81,200 | 25,110 |
| New Mexico | $55,790 | $45,230 to $69,990 | 3,250 |
| New York | $67,300 | $54,010 to $85,090 | 29,280 |
| North Carolina | $60,070 | $48,490 to $74,990 | 21,540 |
| North Dakota | $65,070 | $54,020 to $83,440 | 1,930 |
| Ohio | $61,760 | $49,580 to $75,840 | 23,100 |
| Oklahoma | $61,270 | $47,190 to $76,340 | 8,130 |
| Oregon | $61,540 | $50,460 to $77,960 | 8,120 |
| Pennsylvania | $61,460 | $49,450 to $76,010 | 23,690 |
| Puerto Rico | $35,720 | $28,500 to $44,300 | 4,500 |
| Rhode Island | $72,750 | $57,910 to $85,190 | 1,520 |
| South Carolina | $63,470 | $50,510 to $76,880 | 8,300 |
| South Dakota | $64,780 | $52,250 to $75,800 | 1,340 |
| Tennessee | $61,160 | $50,420 to $78,360 | 17,290 |
| Texas | $60,000 | $47,140 to $76,300 | 60,700 |
| Utah | $62,600 | $50,100 to $78,790 | 6,830 |
| Vermont | $60,410 | $49,170 to $72,410 | 910 |
| Virgin Islands | $48,160 | $38,480 to $59,690 | 100 |
| Virginia | $62,130 | $49,020 to $77,300 | 14,830 |
| Washington | $74,250 | $59,320 to $86,260 | 14,000 |
| West Virginia | $52,420 | $42,740 to $68,700 | 2,670 |
| Wisconsin | $64,560 | $50,160 to $78,360 | 11,140 |
| Wyoming | $70,590 | $53,350 to $100,720 | 1,560 |
Nationally: $62,890. State figures are for BLS's “First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except aircraft cargo handling supervisors”. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 13 of its 24 tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Not much | Collaborate with workers and managers to solve work-related problems. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | Review work throughout the work process and at completion to ensure that it has been performed properly. | Not published |
| AI + software | Maintain a safe working environment by monitoring safety procedures and equipment. | Not published |
| Not much | Resolve personnel problems, complaints, or formal grievances when possible, or refer them to higher-level supervisors for resolution. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Counsel employees in work-related activities, personal growth, or career development. | 0.01% |
| Not much | Conduct staff meetings to relay general information or to address specific topics, such as safety. | Not published |
See all 24 tasks
| Not much | Inform designated employees or departments of items loaded or problems encountered. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Assess training needs of staff and arrange for or provide appropriate instruction. | Not published |
| Not much | Participate in the hiring process by reviewing credentials, conducting interviews, or making hiring decisions or recommendations. | 0.01% |
| Not much | Recommend or initiate personnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, or disciplinary measures. | under 0.01% |
| AI alone | Transmit and explain work orders to laborers. | Not published |
| AI alone | Estimate material, time, and staffing requirements for a given project, based on work orders, job specifications, and experience. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Perform the same work duties as those supervised, or perform more difficult or skilled tasks or assist in their performance. | Not published |
| AI alone | Plan work schedules and assign duties to maintain adequate staff for effective performance of activities and response to fluctuating workloads. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | Evaluate employee performance and prepare performance appraisals. | Not published |
| Not much | Inspect equipment for wear and for conformance to specifications. | Not published |
| AI + software | Prepare and maintain work records and reports of information such as employee time and wages, daily receipts, or inspection results. | under 0.01% |
| AI alone | Check specifications of materials loaded or unloaded against information contained in work orders. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | Inventory supplies and requisition or purchase additional items, as necessary. | Not published |
| AI + software | Examine freight to determine loading sequences. | Not published |
| AI alone | Schedule times of shipment and modes of transportation for materials. | Not published |
| Not much | Inspect job sites to determine the extent of maintenance or repairs needed. | Not published |
| AI + software | Provide assistance in balancing books, tracking, monitoring, or projecting a unit's budget needs, and in developing unit policies and procedures. | Not published |
| AI + software | Quote prices to customers. | under 0.01% |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 11 of the 24 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 24 tasks fall under 21 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #11 Provide information to guests, clients, or customers
- #12 Explain regulations, policies, or procedures
- #36 Purchase goods or services
- and 1 more, in the table below
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plan work activities | |||
| Advise others on business or operational matters | |||
| Schedule operational activities | |||
| Resolve personnel or operational problems | |||
| Provide information to guests, clients, or customers | |||
| Explain regulations, policies, or procedures | |||
| Purchase goods or services | |||
| Provide support or encouragement to others |
Show all 21 activities
| Evaluate the quality or accuracy of data | |||
| Communicate with others about operational plans or activities | |||
| Determine resource needs of projects or operations | |||
| Monitor operations to ensure adequate performance | |||
| Maintain operational records | |||
| Notify others of emergencies or problems | |||
| Inspect facilities or equipment | |||
| Evaluate personnel capabilities or performance | |||
| Direct organizational operations, activities, or procedures | |||
| Train others on operational or work procedures | |||
| Monitor safety or security of work areas, facilities, or properties | |||
| Perform general construction or extraction activities | |||
| Inspect commercial, industrial, or production systems or equipment |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- A document or report20%
- Advice or a recommendation16%
- An analysis or summary14%
- An email or message9%
- A plan or strategy8%
How they worked with Claude
81% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for first-line supervisors of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Education and training for the occupation
O*NET survey of workers in this occupation
- 35% high school
- 31% some college
- 4% associate's
- 9% bachelor's
- 21% not published
O*NET marks 21% of the answers as too uncertain to publish, so the parts shown don't add up to 100%.
O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 20 people answered.
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 8% less than high school
- 39% high school
- 26% some college
- 9% associate's
- 15% bachelor's
- 3% master's
Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers” · 2,715 people surveyed.
Why the two can differ
O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers”
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
39.1% this occupation
45.3% all occupations
| By kind | This occupation | All occupations |
|---|---|---|
| a license | 0.8% | 19.1% |
| a certification | <0.5% | 5.8% |
| an educational certificate | not published |
Share of jobs whose employer requires it. BLS doesn't say which credential. How to read this
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeships: DOL's list of apprenticeable occupations doesn't include this one.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS
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