Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment
Also called: Control Technician, Electrical and Instrument Technician (E and I Tech), Electronic Technician, I and C Tech (Instrument and Control Technician)Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas.
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What the data says: AI could halve the time on 8 of its 20 tasks, and jobs are projected to grow 0.3% by 2035. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 1.9% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility”
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 4.3 hires for every 10 job openings in government, which employs about 18% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.4.3 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $65,600 | $57,640 to $80,450 | 930 |
| Alaska | $96,390 | $76,320 to $105,540 | 160 |
| Arizona | $77,110 | $73,270 to $86,090 | not published |
| Arkansas | $66,980 | $54,870 to $77,980 | 330 |
| California | $87,080 | $74,270 to $110,300 | 5,830 |
| Colorado | $79,610 | $63,440 to $94,790 | 2,200 |
| Connecticut | $77,290 | $59,550 to $91,320 | 430 |
| Delaware | $86,290 | $77,350 to $94,640 | 160 |
| Florida | $61,530 | $49,220 to $75,570 | 3,650 |
| Georgia | $68,470 | $61,820 to $76,460 | 3,040 |
| Hawaii | $85,420 | $78,000 to $95,230 | 400 |
| Idaho | $64,410 | $59,010 to $78,660 | 420 |
| Illinois | $59,950 | $45,340 to $61,150 | 1,150 |
| Indiana | $66,620 | $60,470 to $76,650 | 1,100 |
| Iowa | $72,250 | $61,040 to $80,240 | 1,130 |
| Kansas | $77,360 | $60,390 to $85,370 | 340 |
| Kentucky | $62,980 | $56,170 to $76,880 | 630 |
| Louisiana | $64,500 | $58,040 to $73,470 | 950 |
| Maine | $81,180 | $71,660 to $92,230 | 410 |
| Maryland | $79,650 | $63,590 to $87,870 | 1,160 |
| Massachusetts | $77,570 | $65,800 to $93,300 | 920 |
| Michigan | $66,140 | $52,130 to $79,460 | 1,460 |
| Minnesota | $80,220 | $67,190 to $88,370 | 1,240 |
| Mississippi | $71,700 | $50,010 to $84,870 | 500 |
| Missouri | $60,950 | $43,190 to $78,890 | 590 |
| Montana | $75,660 | $62,040 to $87,480 | 120 |
| Nebraska | $64,120 | $47,030 to $78,170 | 410 |
| Nevada | $82,680 | $56,830 to $82,680 | 710 |
| New Hampshire | $77,850 | $57,200 to $89,250 | 210 |
| New Jersey | $74,980 | $58,710 to $94,770 | 1,290 |
| New Mexico | $80,590 | $70,150 to $96,460 | 420 |
| New York | $78,130 | $62,910 to $88,440 | 1,700 |
| North Carolina | $76,740 | $64,020 to $86,330 | 1,660 |
| North Dakota | $98,700 | $79,090 to $111,130 | 520 |
| Ohio | $62,310 | $49,030 to $78,880 | 1,510 |
| Oklahoma | $75,480 | $67,540 to $84,510 | 800 |
| Oregon | $91,910 | $80,520 to $97,760 | 840 |
| Pennsylvania | $65,960 | $53,260 to $75,710 | 2,710 |
| Puerto Rico | $22,580 | $21,840 to $35,990 | 190 |
| Rhode Island | $76,860 | $73,370 to $81,970 | 200 |
| South Carolina | $75,490 | $62,610 to $86,250 | 1,130 |
| South Dakota | $64,900 | $56,750 to $74,990 | 470 |
| Tennessee | $61,560 | $46,270 to $76,810 | 1,700 |
| Texas | $74,480 | $59,280 to $96,720 | 13,540 |
| Utah | $75,500 | $65,270 to $81,370 | 750 |
| Vermont | $74,000 | $65,930 to $80,760 | 110 |
| Virginia | $71,320 | $60,150 to $79,620 | 1,570 |
| Washington | $99,200 | $82,660 to $120,340 | 1,660 |
| West Virginia | $74,920 | $64,970 to $86,940 | 220 |
| Wisconsin | $74,980 | $59,680 to $84,230 | 850 |
| Wyoming | $86,880 | $78,950 to $96,110 | 100 |
Nationally: $74,090. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 8 of its 20 tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Not much | Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions, using test equipment or software, and applying knowledge of the functional operation of electronic units and systems. | Not published |
| Not much | Repair or adjust equipment, machines, or defective components, replacing worn parts, such as gaskets or seals in watertight electrical equipment. | Not published |
| Not much | Inspect components of industrial equipment for accurate assembly and installation or for defects, such as loose connections or frayed wires. | Not published |
| Not much | Study blueprints, schematics, manuals, or other specifications to determine installation procedures. | Not published |
| Not much | Perform scheduled preventive maintenance tasks, such as checking, cleaning, or repairing equipment, to detect and prevent problems. | Not published |
| Not much | Set up and test industrial equipment to ensure that it functions properly. | Not published |
See all 20 tasks
| Not much | Examine work orders and converse with equipment operators to detect equipment problems and to ascertain whether mechanical or human errors contributed to the problems. | Not published |
| AI + software | Coordinate efforts with other workers involved in installing or maintaining equipment or components. | Not published |
| Not much | Operate equipment to demonstrate proper use or to analyze malfunctions. | Not published |
| AI alone | Maintain equipment logs that record performance problems, repairs, calibrations, or tests. | Not published |
| Not much | Calibrate testing instruments and installed or repaired equipment to prescribed specifications. | Not published |
| Not much | Consult with customers, supervisors, or engineers to plan layout of equipment or to resolve problems in system operation or maintenance. | Not published |
| Not much | Maintain inventory of spare parts. | Not published |
| AI + software | Enter information into computer to copy program or to draw, modify, or store schematics, applying knowledge of software package used. | Not published |
| Not much | Install repaired equipment in various settings, such as industrial or military establishments. | Not published |
| AI + software | Develop or modify industrial electronic devices, circuits, or equipment, according to available specifications. | Not published |
| AI alone | Send defective units to the manufacturer or to a specialized repair shop for repair. | Not published |
| AI alone | Determine feasibility of using standardized equipment or develop specifications for equipment required to perform additional functions. | Not published |
| AI + software | Advise management regarding customer satisfaction, product performance, or suggestions for product improvements. | Not published |
| AI alone | Sign overhaul documents for equipment replaced or repaired. | Not published |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 0 of the 20 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 20 tasks fall under 19 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #8 Read documents or materials to inform work processes
- #35 Process digital or online data
- #42 Diagnose system or equipment problems
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Read documents or materials to inform work processes | |||
| Adjust equipment to ensure adequate performance | |||
| Coordinate with others to resolve problems | |||
| Test performance of equipment or systems | |||
| Maintain operational records | |||
| Process digital or online data | |||
| Diagnose system or equipment problems | |||
| Confer with clients to determine needs or order specifications |
Show all 19 activities
| Advise others on business or operational matters | |||
| Communicate with others about operational plans or activities | |||
| Determine resource needs of projects or operations | |||
| Maintain tools or equipment | |||
| Repair tools or equipment | |||
| Train others to use equipment or products | |||
| Process shipments or mail | |||
| Inspect commercial, industrial, or production systems or equipment | |||
| Install commercial or production equipment | |||
| Design industrial systems or equipment | |||
| Replenish inventories of materials, equipment, or products |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- An explanation or answer33%
- Advice or a recommendation12%
- A document or report8%
- A script or snippet8%
- A plan or strategy6%
How they worked with Claude
53% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 960 moves out
- 1 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 7%
- 2 Recreation Workers Moderate +4.3% 5%
- 3 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Low +4.2% 4%
- 4 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians Low +5.4% 4%
- 5 Human Resources Specialists Very high +6.4% 3%
Where people moved in from
of 1,006 moves in
- 1 Recreation Workers Moderate +4.3% 16%
- 2 Human Resources Specialists Very high +6.4% 7%
- 3 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 5%
- 4 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General Low +4.2% 4%
- 5 Retail Salespersons Very high -0.3% 4%
Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
O*NET survey of workers in this occupation
- 22% high school
- 32% postsecondary certificate
- 46% associate's
O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 20 people answered.
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 6% less than high school
- 32% high school
- 37% some college
- 17% associate's
- 9% bachelor's
Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility” · 234 people surveyed.
Why the two can differ
O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility”
2 programs: Computer Installation and Repair Technology/Technician and Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician.
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
37.8% this occupation
45.3% all occupations
| By kind | This occupation | All occupations |
|---|---|---|
| a license | 11.8% | 19.1% |
| a certification | 4.1% | 5.8% |
| an educational certificate | <0.5% | 2.8% |
Share of jobs whose employer requires it. BLS doesn't say which credential. How to read this
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeship Finder ↗ DOL lists 12 registered apprenticeships in this occupation. Apprenticeship.gov can't be linked to one occupation, so search for “Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment” there.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS
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