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Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary

Also called: Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Professor, Women's Studies Professor

Teach courses pertaining to the culture and development of an area, an ethnic group, or any other group, such as Latin American studies, women's studies, or urban affairs. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.

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Median pay BLS, 2025$85,020
Openings a year BLS, 2025–351,000
Typical education to start BLSDoctoral or professional degree
AI exposure BLS, Aug 2026 High
Projected job growth BLS, 2025–35 +2.7%

What the data says: AI could halve the time on 15 of its 23 tasks, yet jobs are projected to grow 2.7% by 2035. How to think about this →

About this projection

BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”

It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”

On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”

Recent conditions

  • In 2024, 2.1% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Postsecondary teachers”
  • From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 7.8 hires for every 10 job openings in private educational services, which employs about 100% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.

How to read these

Pay compared with all occupations BLS median wages Pays more than 77% of 825 occupations
lowest-paidhighest-paid

Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates

$63k$125knot published

Median pay in every state
StateMedianMiddle half earnJobs
Alabama$63,090$60,260 to $72,61050
Alaska$81,700$81,470 to $103,25080
Arizona$75,680$71,230 to $103,690240
California$105,220$88,110 to $148,610770
Colorado$79,190$60,930 to $104,490160
Connecticut$99,900$79,250 to $126,160310
District of Columbia$101,700$82,750 to $129,000230
Florida$66,520$62,990 to $96,120120
Georgia$77,630$60,460 to $96,150450
Illinois$90,030$62,970 to $124,100220
Indiana$84,970$64,680 to $106,840260
Kansas$107,120$61,530 to $136,48090
Kentucky$74,690$48,640 to $105,36090
Maine$103,060$65,220 to $129,88050
Maryland$91,330$68,100 to $115,530520
Massachusetts$100,470$81,450 to $131,680610
Michigan$87,840$66,380 to $121,470460
Minnesota$81,580$63,370 to $101,800280
Montana$78,690$63,330 to $101,73090
New Hampshire$125,450$95,450 to $147,22080
New Jersey$97,500$64,270 to $126,070480
New York$101,800$80,060 to $124,8301,520
North Carolina$66,470$48,720 to $84,710590
Ohio$80,060$62,950 to $103,560390
Oklahoma$76,600$40,870 to $103,02050
Oregon$80,310$59,690 to $102,130340
Pennsylvania$96,010$79,770 to $122,380260
Puerto Rico$46,660$41,480 to $104,800not published
Rhode Island$104,460$79,800 to $131,310not published
South Carolina$64,500$63,570 to $83,220130
Tennessee$75,060$63,600 to $78,57060
Texas$72,250$58,170 to $103,230830
Utah$82,990$74,220 to $117,78040
Virginia$85,960$68,000 to $106,410300
Washington$81,410$63,810 to $97,910240
West Virginia$71,200$62,750 to $94,22040
Wisconsin$78,770$63,690 to $106,550180
Wyoming$76,170$64,520 to $95,65040

Nationally: $85,020. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this

How AI touches the work

What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.

AI could halve the time on 15 of its 23 tasks

6 · AI alone could halve the time 9 · AI + software built on it could 8 · Not much
AI ratingIts main tasks Share of Claude conversations
May 2026
Not much Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions. Not published
AI + software Evaluate and grade students' class work, assignments, and papers. Not published
Not much Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as race and ethnic relations, gender studies, and cross-cultural perspectives. Not published
AI alone Prepare course materials, such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts. Not published
Not much Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences. Not published
AI + software Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others. Not published
See all 23 tasks
AI + software Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction. Not published
AI + software Maintain student attendance records, grades, and other required records. Not published
AI + software Maintain regularly scheduled office hours to advise and assist students. Not published
AI + software Collaborate with colleagues to address teaching and research issues. Not published
AI + software Select and obtain materials and supplies, such as textbooks. Not published
AI + software Advise students on academic and vocational curricula, and on career issues. 0.02%
AI alone Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books, or electronic media. Not published
AI alone Compile bibliographies of specialized materials for outside reading assignments. Not published
Not much Serve on academic or administrative committees that deal with institutional policies, departmental matters, and academic issues. Not published
AI alone Participate in campus and community events, such as giving public lectures about research. Not published
Not much Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work. Not published
Not much Participate in student recruitment, registration, and placement activities. Not published
AI + software Perform administrative duties, such as serving as department head. Not published
AI alone Write grant proposals to procure external research funding. Not published
Not much Act as advisers to student organizations. Not published
Not much Incorporate experiential or site visit components into courses. Not published
AI alone Provide professional consulting services to government or industry. Not published

Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 1 of the 23 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.

Where people already use AI

The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 23 tasks fall under 19 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.

Tasks AI could speed up15 of 23 tasksEloundou et al. ratings (2023)
Its activities among the 50 people ask AI for help with most7 of 19 activities
  • #4 Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise
  • #10 Write material for artistic or commercial purposes
  • #23 Prepare informational or instructional materials
  • and 4 more, in the table below
Microsoft Copilot (2024), ranked among all 332 activities. The cut-off of 50 is ours.
Work activity This occupation's tasks under it People asked AI for help
in 10,000 conversations		 AI did it for them
in 10,000 conversations
Advise others on educational or vocational matters 14#74 34#36
Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise 408#4 247#8
Teach academic or vocational subjects 22#54 143#14
Develop educational programs, plans, or procedures 2.52#181 2.47#121
Assess student capabilities, needs, or performance 2.31#189 0.62#188
Write material for artistic or commercial purposes 149#10 105#18
Prepare informational or instructional materials 73#23 195#11
Perform administrative or clerical activities 58#30 25#44
Show all 19 activities
Compile records, documentation, or other data 52#33 33#37
Purchase goods or services 47#36 0.39#220
Select materials or equipment for operations or projects 45#38 19#49
Evaluate programs, practices, or processes 15#67 5.67#80
Promote products, services, or programs 14#72 85#20
Plan events or programs 5.26#123 1.90#133
Maintain operational records 2.92#170 0.49#209
Direct organizational operations, activities, or procedures 1.85#204 0.36#225
Prepare proposals or grant applications 1.47#214 0.60#190
Supervise personnel activities 0.56#266 0.05#283
Serve on organizational committees 0.21#294 0.04#288
Task: AI alone Task: AI + software Task: not much #: rank among all 332 activities Microsoft measured (#1 = most common; activities that never came up share last place, shown as “tied”)
Where the two sources differ: “Assess student capabilities, needs, or performance” holds 2 tasks rated AI + software, yet people asked AI for help with it in 2.31 of every 10,000 conversations, #189 of 332.

How people in this work use Claude

What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations

  • An explanation or answer27%
  • Teaching material22%
  • A document or report15%
  • An analysis or summary10%
  • Advice or a recommendation5%

How they worked with Claude

29% handed the task off71% worked on it together

23% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.

How to read this

Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.

The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.

More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude

High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs

BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.

AI exposure and projected job growth, 831 occupationsLow exposure: 134 of 213 occupations projected to grow. Moderate exposure: 151 of 206 occupations projected to grow. High exposure: 165 of 206 occupations projected to grow. Very high exposure: 141 of 206 occupations projected to grow.-20%-15%-10%-5%0%+5%+10%+15%+20%+25%Low134 of 213 growingModerate151 of 206 growingHigh165 of 206 growingVery high141 of 206 growing11 occupations outside −20% to +25% are drawn at the edge. Click a dot to see that occupation.Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary: +2.7%Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, PostsecondaryAI exposure and projected job growth, 831 occupationsLow exposure: 134 of 213 occupations projected to grow. Moderate exposure: 151 of 206 occupations projected to grow. High exposure: 165 of 206 occupations projected to grow. Very high exposure: 141 of 206 occupations projected to grow.-20%-15%-10%-5%0%+5%+10%+15%+20%+25%Low134 of 213Moderate151 of 206High165 of 206Very high141 of 20611 occupations outside −20% to +25% are drawn at the edge. Tap a dot.Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary: +2.7%Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary

Career moves into and out of this occupation

From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.

Where people moved next

of 1,957 moves out

  1. 1 Postsecondary Teachers, All Other Very high +2.0% 8%
  2. 2 Registered Nurses High +5.6% 6%
  3. 3 General and Operations Managers High +5.0% 6%
  4. 4 Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers High +3.5% 5%
  5. 5 Sales Managers High +4.5% 3%

Where people moved in from

of 2,384 moves in

  1. 1 Registered Nurses High +5.6% 6%
  2. 2 General and Operations Managers High +5.0% 5%
  3. 3 Postsecondary Teachers, All Other Very high +2.0% 5%
  4. 4 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 4%
  5. 5 Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators High -2.9% 3%

Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).

Education and training for the occupation

Education people in it hold

O*NET survey of workers in this occupation

  • 31% master's
  • 3% post-master's certificate
  • 1% professional doctorate
  • 61% research doctorate
  • 4% post-doctoral training

O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 42 people answered.

Census survey (American Community Survey)

  • 1% less than high school
  • 3% high school
  • 4% some college
  • 2% associate's
  • 16% bachelor's
  • 28% master's
  • 5% professional degree
  • 42% doctorate

Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Postsecondary teachers” · 15,280 people surveyed.

Why the two can differ

O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide

Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in the Census group “Postsecondary teachers”

Programs that prepare people for it (NCES)
66 programs, such as African Studies, American/United States Studies/Civilization and Asian Studies/Civilization.
See all
  • African Studies
  • American/United States Studies/Civilization
  • Asian Studies/Civilization
  • East Asian Studies
  • Russian, Central European, East European and Eurasian Studies
  • European Studies/Civilization
  • Latin American Studies
  • Near and Middle Eastern Studies
  • Pacific Area/Pacific Rim Studies
  • Russian Studies
  • Scandinavian Studies
  • South Asian Studies
  • Southeast Asian Studies
  • Western European Studies
  • Canadian Studies
  • Balkans Studies
  • Baltic Studies
  • Slavic Studies
  • Caribbean Studies
  • Ural-Altaic and Central Asian Studies
  • Commonwealth Studies
  • Regional Studies (U.S., Canadian, Foreign)
  • Chinese Studies
  • French Studies
  • German Studies
  • Italian Studies
  • Japanese Studies
  • Korean Studies
  • Polish Studies
  • Spanish and Iberian Studies
  • Tibetan Studies
  • Ukraine Studies
  • Irish Studies
  • Latin American and Caribbean Studies
  • Appalachian Studies
  • Arctic Studies
  • Area Studies, Other
  • Ethnic Studies
  • African-American/Black Studies
  • American Indian/Native American Studies
  • Hispanic-American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American/Chicano Studies
  • Asian-American Studies
  • Women's Studies
  • Gay/Lesbian Studies
  • Folklore Studies
  • Disability Studies
  • Deaf Studies
  • Comparative Group Studies
  • Ethnic, Cultural Minority, Gender, and Group Studies, Other
  • Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender, and Group Studies, Other
  • Cultural Resource Management and Policy Analysis
  • Ancient Studies/Civilization
  • Classical, Ancient Mediterranean, and Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology
  • Classical and Ancient Studies, Other
  • Intercultural/Multicultural and Diversity Studies
  • Cultural Studies/Critical Theory and Analysis
  • Cultural Studies and Comparative Literature
  • Economics and Foreign Language/Literature
  • History and Language/Literature
  • Digital Humanities
  • Textual Studies
  • Islamic Studies
  • Jewish/Judaic Studies
  • Catholic Studies
  • Mormon Studies
  • Cultural Anthropology

Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023

<25% this occupation

45.3% all occupations

By kindThis occupationAll occupations
a licensenot published
a certificationnot published
an educational certificatenot published

Share of jobs whose employer requires it. BLS doesn't say which credential. How to read this

Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor

These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide

See where your own career could go Start by uploading your resume Browse careers

BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS

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