Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners
Also called: Certified Shorthand Reporter (CSR), Court Reporter, Court Stenographer, Official Court ReporterUse verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.
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What the data says: AI could halve the time on 12 of its 13 rated tasks, and jobs are projected to shrink 0.1% by 2035. In the most exposed occupations, the squeeze shows up first among early-career workers. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 1.7% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 4.3 hires for every 10 job openings in government, which employs about 66% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.4.3 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $67,340 | $42,130 to $80,110 | 350 |
| Arizona | $77,770 | $70,190 to $79,310 | 70 |
| Arkansas | $59,180 | $55,670 to $71,130 | 130 |
| California | $116,020 | $86,560 to $133,900 | 1,400 |
| Colorado | $83,010 | $72,690 to $103,380 | 260 |
| Connecticut | $59,390 | $44,730 to $74,220 | 210 |
| Delaware | $44,760 | $43,570 to $78,460 | 40 |
| Florida | $49,240 | $45,020 to $63,650 | 1,110 |
| Georgia | not published | not published | 410 |
| Idaho | $69,330 | $69,330 to $69,330 | 40 |
| Illinois | $75,890 | $31,200 to $95,990 | 770 |
| Indiana | $54,740 | $47,770 to $62,100 | 890 |
| Iowa | $93,810 | $70,780 to $93,810 | 160 |
| Kansas | not published | not published | 180 |
| Kentucky | $50,350 | $30,070 to $50,350 | 80 |
| Louisiana | $63,380 | $37,220 to $79,190 | 270 |
| Maine | $49,110 | $49,110 to $54,940 | 30 |
| Maryland | $59,300 | $44,780 to $75,140 | not published |
| Massachusetts | $79,940 | $46,120 to $90,640 | 50 |
| Michigan | $61,600 | $50,580 to $69,100 | 260 |
| Minnesota | $83,680 | $69,180 to $88,400 | 320 |
| Mississippi | $67,300 | $63,770 to $70,870 | 40 |
| Missouri | $72,500 | $60,650 to $82,610 | 270 |
| Montana | $62,730 | $59,960 to $68,620 | 50 |
| Nebraska | $76,480 | $65,880 to $83,140 | 60 |
| Nevada | $62,030 | $58,990 to $78,430 | 70 |
| New Jersey | not published | not published | 200 |
| New York | $101,990 | $68,940 to $133,110 | 1,400 |
| North Carolina | $73,510 | $67,050 to $87,040 | 110 |
| North Dakota | $70,540 | $60,550 to $81,130 | 60 |
| Ohio | $67,330 | $58,620 to $82,170 | 340 |
| Oklahoma | $60,800 | $56,390 to $63,980 | 180 |
| Pennsylvania | $65,100 | $48,590 to $74,760 | 670 |
| Puerto Rico | $38,300 | $32,830 to $38,300 | 110 |
| Rhode Island | $92,250 | $67,390 to $97,010 | 60 |
| South Carolina | $61,100 | $48,670 to $70,810 | 140 |
| South Dakota | $75,210 | $66,870 to $78,540 | 40 |
| Texas | $110,080 | $77,910 to $130,560 | 1,270 |
| Virginia | $55,210 | $43,850 to $72,620 | 320 |
| Washington | $107,670 | $85,060 to $113,200 | 80 |
| West Virginia | $56,790 | $48,170 to $68,680 | 90 |
| Wisconsin | $65,640 | $49,260 to $94,540 | 60 |
Nationally: $72,420. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 12 of its 13 rated tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| AI + software | Proofread transcripts for correct spelling of words. | Not published |
| AI + software | Record verbatim proceedings of courts, legislative assemblies, committee meetings, and other proceedings, using computerized recording equipment, electronic stenograph machines, or stenomasks. | Not published |
| Not much | Ask speakers to clarify inaudible statements. | Not published |
| AI + software | Provide transcripts of proceedings upon request of judges, lawyers, or the public. | Not published |
| AI + software | Record symbols on computer storage media and use computer aided transcription to translate and display them as text. | under 0.01% |
| AI + software | File and store shorthand notes of court session. | Not published |
See all 15 tasks
| AI + software | Respond to requests during court sessions to read portions of the proceedings already recorded. | Not published |
| AI + software | Record depositions and other proceedings for attorneys. | Not published |
| AI + software | Transcribe recorded proceedings in accordance with established formats. | Not published |
| Not rated | Swear in witnesses. | Not published |
| AI alone | File a legible transcript of records of a court case with the court clerk's office. | Not published |
| AI + software | Take notes in shorthand or use a stenotype or shorthand machine that prints letters on a paper tape. | Not published |
| Not rated | File exhibits. | Not published |
| AI + software | Log and store exhibits from court proceedings. | Not published |
| AI + software | Verify accuracy of transcripts by checking copies against original records of proceedings and accuracy of rulings by checking with judges. | under 0.01% |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 2 of the 15 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 15 tasks fall under 11 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #5 Provide information or assistance to the public
- #30 Perform administrative or clerical activities
- #35 Process digital or online data
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Record information about legal matters | |||
| Perform administrative or clerical activities | |||
| Examine materials or documentation for accuracy or compliance | |||
| Discuss legal matters with clients, disputants, or legal professionals or staff | |||
| Provide information or assistance to the public | |||
| Process digital or online data | |||
| Evaluate the quality or accuracy of data | |||
| Prepare legal or regulatory documents |
Show all 11 activities
| Maintain operational records | |||
| Perform court-related or other legal administrative activities | |||
| Process forensic or legal evidence |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- A document or report37%
- An analysis or summary27%
- An explanation or answer10%
- A script or snippet6%
- Marketing or social media content2%
How they worked with Claude
64% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for court reporters and simultaneous captioners specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 1,515 moves out
- 1 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 12%
- 2 Personal Care Aides 11%
- 3 Architectural and Engineering Managers High +5.5% 10%
- 4 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products Very high -0.9% 8%
- 5 Registered Nurses High +5.6% 7%
Where people moved in from
of 1,039 moves in
- 1 Personal Care Aides 10%
- 2 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products Very high -0.9% 9%
- 3 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers High -3.7% 6%
- 4 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 4%
- 5 Construction Laborers Low +7.3% 3%
Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 19% high school
- 27% some college
- 27% associate's
- 25% bachelor's
- 1% master's
Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation · 290 people surveyed.
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation
4 programs, such as Voice Writing Technology/Technician, Court Reporting and Captioning/Court Reporter and Court Interpreter.
See all
- Voice Writing Technology/Technician
- Court Reporting and Captioning/Court Reporter
- Court Interpreter
- Scopist
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
BLS publishes no credential figures for this occupation.
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeships: DOL's list of apprenticeable occupations doesn't include this one.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS · Brynjolfsson, Chandar and Chen, Stanford (Aug 2026)
See it online, and explore any career: https://www.pathmosaic.com/card/27-3092.00