Glaziers
Also called: Commercial Glazier, Field Glazier, Glazer, GlazierInstall glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.
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What the data says: AI could halve the time on 2 of its 27 tasks, and jobs are projected to grow 1.9% by 2035. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 3.6% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 12.8 hires for every 10 job openings in construction, which employs about 81% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.12.8 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $45,520 | $37,190 to $48,390 | 260 |
| Alaska | $63,000 | $56,270 to $74,610 | 270 |
| Arizona | $56,560 | $48,680 to $60,150 | 2,370 |
| Arkansas | $44,700 | $37,700 to $47,880 | 480 |
| California | $64,040 | $57,590 to $92,040 | 7,020 |
| Colorado | $62,340 | $56,020 to $74,220 | 2,040 |
| Connecticut | $63,840 | $57,030 to $79,900 | 690 |
| District of Columbia | $78,390 | $60,320 to $80,140 | 200 |
| Florida | $47,030 | $37,660 to $59,350 | 6,370 |
| Georgia | $43,340 | $34,670 to $59,350 | 2,530 |
| Hawaii | $80,800 | $60,390 to $100,460 | 280 |
| Idaho | $59,850 | $49,070 to $71,320 | 580 |
| Illinois | $61,840 | $57,260 to $98,280 | 1,410 |
| Indiana | $60,210 | $48,290 to $70,010 | 1,270 |
| Iowa | $57,330 | $48,110 to $62,760 | 430 |
| Kansas | $47,090 | $44,060 to $60,520 | 440 |
| Kentucky | $49,110 | $46,170 to $56,800 | 570 |
| Louisiana | $47,150 | $38,960 to $59,210 | 610 |
| Maine | $47,770 | $46,100 to $55,730 | 150 |
| Maryland | $59,890 | $48,880 to $72,880 | 1,820 |
| Massachusetts | $100,810 | $74,390 to $109,550 | 1,080 |
| Michigan | $52,770 | $47,480 to $62,180 | 2,040 |
| Minnesota | $66,130 | $61,610 to $91,930 | 460 |
| Mississippi | $36,750 | $35,090 to $45,980 | 820 |
| Missouri | $51,430 | $37,390 to $71,670 | 630 |
| Montana | $49,360 | $46,060 to $60,410 | 410 |
| Nebraska | $50,190 | $42,690 to $66,260 | 440 |
| Nevada | $49,490 | $46,410 to $61,310 | 730 |
| New Hampshire | $58,850 | $49,680 to $62,770 | 150 |
| New Jersey | $70,890 | $57,510 to $96,430 | 820 |
| New Mexico | $46,940 | $38,950 to $48,370 | 380 |
| New York | $61,760 | $51,500 to $77,300 | 3,400 |
| North Carolina | $46,170 | $40,690 to $55,340 | 840 |
| North Dakota | $61,800 | $52,620 to $63,740 | 80 |
| Ohio | $60,200 | $48,320 to $64,780 | 1,670 |
| Oklahoma | $45,380 | $39,210 to $46,900 | 430 |
| Oregon | $70,890 | $50,750 to $100,550 | 700 |
| Pennsylvania | $58,810 | $46,790 to $71,070 | 1,510 |
| Puerto Rico | $22,220 | $22,220 to $23,000 | 50 |
| Rhode Island | $61,650 | $51,050 to $78,150 | 150 |
| South Carolina | $50,650 | $44,720 to $57,870 | 740 |
| South Dakota | $47,140 | $45,390 to $51,540 | 220 |
| Tennessee | $48,610 | $44,550 to $59,060 | 880 |
| Texas | $47,730 | $38,830 to $55,110 | 5,850 |
| Utah | $51,470 | $47,640 to $60,890 | 990 |
| Vermont | $60,390 | $49,920 to $62,220 | 110 |
| Virginia | $59,260 | $49,000 to $62,400 | 890 |
| Washington | $66,860 | $59,260 to $106,840 | 1,460 |
| West Virginia | $49,810 | $34,640 to $66,160 | 140 |
| Wisconsin | $62,400 | $51,000 to $91,720 | 580 |
| Wyoming | $55,030 | $52,420 to $71,750 | 70 |
Nationally: $57,080. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 2 of its 27 tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Not much | Read and interpret blueprints or specifications to determine size, shape, color, type, or thickness of glass, location of framing, installation procedures, or staging or scaffolding materials required. | Not published |
| Not much | Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors to be fitted with glass panels, using hand tools. | Not published |
| Not much | Fabricate or install metal sashes or moldings for glass installation, using aluminum or steel framing. | Not published |
| Not much | Cut, fit, install, repair, or replace glass or glass substitutes, such as plastic or aluminum, in building interiors or exteriors or in furniture or other products. | Not published |
| Not much | Determine plumb of walls or ceilings, using plumb lines and levels. | Not published |
| Not much | Set glass doors into frames and bolt metal hinges, handles, locks, or other hardware to attach doors to frames and walls. | Not published |
See all 27 tasks
| Not much | Cut and remove broken glass prior to installing replacement glass. | Not published |
| Not much | Pack spaces between moldings and glass with glazing compounds and trim excess material with glazing knives. | Not published |
| AI + software | Measure mirrors and dimensions of areas to be covered to determine work procedures. | Not published |
| Not much | Load and arrange glass or mirrors onto delivery trucks, using suction cups or cranes to lift glass. | Not published |
| Not much | Secure mirrors in position, using mastic cement, putty, bolts, or screws. | Not published |
| Not much | Assemble, erect, or dismantle scaffolds, rigging, or hoisting equipment. | Not published |
| Not much | Fasten glass panes into wood sashes or frames with clips, points, or moldings, adding weather seals or putty around pane edges to seal joints. | Not published |
| Not much | Cut and attach mounting strips, metal or wood moldings, rubber gaskets, or metal clips to surfaces in preparation for mirror installation. | Not published |
| Not much | Drive trucks to installation sites and unload mirrors, glass equipment, or tools. | Not published |
| Not much | Score glass with cutters' wheels, breaking off excess glass by hand or with notched tools. | Not published |
| Not much | Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups to lift large, heavy pieces of glass. | Not published |
| Not much | Cut, assemble, fit, or attach metal-framed glass enclosures for showers, bathtubs, display cases, skylights, solariums, or other structures. | Not published |
| Not much | Grind or polish glass, smoothing edges when necessary. | Not published |
| Not much | Measure and mark outlines or patterns on glass to indicate cutting lines. | Not published |
| Not much | Prepare glass for cutting by resting it on rack edges or against cutting tables and brushing thin layer of oil along cutting lines or dipping cutting tools in oil. | Not published |
| Not much | Move furniture to clear work sites and cover floors or furnishings with drop cloths. | Not published |
| Not much | Select the type or color of glass or mirror according to specifications. | Not published |
| AI + software | Confer with customers to determine project requirements or to provide cost estimates. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Create patterns on glass by etching, sandblasting, or painting designs. | Not published |
| Not much | Measure, cut, fit, and press anti-glare adhesive film to glass or spray glass with tinting solution to prevent light glare. | Not published |
| Not much | Assemble and cement sections of stained glass together. | Not published |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 1 of the 27 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 27 tasks fall under 19 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #8 Read documents or materials to inform work processes
- #12 Explain regulations, policies, or procedures
- #38 Select materials or equipment for operations or projects
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Build structures | |||
| Cut materials | |||
| Measure physical characteristics of materials, products, or equipment | |||
| Apply materials to fill gaps or imperfections | |||
| Load products, materials, or equipment for transportation or further processing | |||
| Operate lifting or moving equipment | |||
| Read documents or materials to inform work processes | |||
| Explain regulations, policies, or procedures |
Show all 19 activities
| Select materials or equipment for operations or projects | |||
| Apply decorative finishes | |||
| Inspect completed work or finished products | |||
| Dispose of waste or debris | |||
| Disassemble equipment | |||
| Position materials or components for assembly | |||
| Perform general construction or extraction activities | |||
| Smooth surfaces of objects or equipment | |||
| Operate transportation equipment or vehicles | |||
| Fabricate devices or components | |||
| Set up protective structures or coverings near work areas |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- An email or message64%
- A document or report9%
- An explanation or answer9%
- Advice or a recommendation5%
- An image or graphic5%
How they worked with Claude
77% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for glaziers specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 2,317 moves out
- 1 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 11%
- 2 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers High -3.3% 8%
- 3 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 5%
- 4 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers Moderate +2.5% 3%
- 5 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics Moderate +5.0% 3%
Where people moved in from
of 1,676 moves in
- 1 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand Low +1.8% 7%
- 2 Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers High -3.3% 5%
- 3 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 4%
- 4 Retail Salespersons Very high -0.3% 3%
- 5 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 3%
Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
O*NET survey of workers in this occupation
- 36% less than high school
- 44% high school
- 12% postsecondary certificate
- 8% some college
O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 26 people answered.
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 15% less than high school
- 51% high school
- 22% some college
- 7% associate's
- 4% bachelor's
Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation · 361 people surveyed.
Why the two can differ
O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation
1 program: Glazier.
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
BLS publishes no credential figures for this occupation.
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeship Finder ↗ DOL lists 4 registered apprenticeships in this occupation. Apprenticeship.gov can't be linked to one occupation, so search for “Glaziers” there.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS
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