First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
Also called: Environmental Services Supervisor (EVS), Executive Housekeeper, Housekeeping Supervisor, Maintenance SupervisorDirectly supervise and coordinate work activities of cleaning personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments.
On a phone, press and hold a picture to save it to Photos.
opens your phone's share sheet, where you can save both to Photos
What the data says: AI could halve the time on 11 of its 26 tasks, and jobs are projected to grow 3.2% by 2035. How to think about this →
About this projection
BLS builds AI into its projections where the research supports it: “BLS generally applies adjustments based on this research conservatively, where there is convincing evidence for a change.”
It also notes a limit: “BLS projection methods are not designed to capture extremely rapid technological change.”
On its AI exposure groups, BLS says exposure “does not imply job loss.”
Recent conditions
- In 2024, 1.6% of people in this work were unemployed, against 3.8% across all occupations Census ACS 2024
- From Sep 2025 to Aug 2026, 7.9 hires for every 10 job openings in professional and business services, which employs about 42% of people in this work, against 7.3 across all industries BLS JOLTS
One box per opening, filled for each hire; hires beyond the openings are added in a lighter shade. Higher can mean openings get filled, or that people leave often; lower, that jobs go unfilled, or hiring is slow.7.9 this industry7.3 all industries
Median pay by state BLS OEWS May 2025, state estimates
Tap a state for its figures.
Median pay in every state
| State | Median | Middle half earn | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | $44,370 | $36,060 to $53,970 | 2,550 |
| Alaska | $56,690 | $48,180 to $63,020 | 600 |
| Arizona | $48,610 | $40,460 to $59,300 | 3,050 |
| Arkansas | $37,500 | $32,010 to $44,620 | 1,490 |
| California | $61,470 | $47,850 to $74,120 | 18,060 |
| Colorado | $55,100 | $45,640 to $64,850 | 4,070 |
| Connecticut | $57,200 | $44,830 to $72,030 | 2,110 |
| Delaware | $50,750 | $41,890 to $61,250 | 790 |
| District of Columbia | $47,950 | $45,520 to $65,440 | 1,460 |
| Florida | $45,770 | $38,200 to $59,290 | 15,320 |
| Georgia | $46,070 | $36,830 to $57,780 | 5,810 |
| Guam | $28,030 | $24,440 to $34,470 | 160 |
| Hawaii | $59,060 | $49,840 to $72,290 | 1,500 |
| Idaho | $48,390 | $42,230 to $58,280 | 1,220 |
| Illinois | $49,410 | $43,680 to $62,750 | 5,090 |
| Indiana | $50,570 | $43,150 to $61,660 | 2,840 |
| Iowa | $47,200 | $39,050 to $58,100 | 2,000 |
| Kansas | $49,780 | $43,050 to $61,250 | 1,570 |
| Kentucky | $45,860 | $37,420 to $55,650 | 2,920 |
| Louisiana | $38,640 | $30,550 to $48,580 | 2,470 |
| Maine | $55,810 | $46,290 to $62,560 | 670 |
| Maryland | $49,550 | $42,900 to $59,750 | 3,550 |
| Massachusetts | $59,760 | $47,730 to $68,140 | 4,000 |
| Michigan | $46,770 | $39,820 to $56,340 | 3,870 |
| Minnesota | $53,510 | $44,360 to $65,380 | 2,270 |
| Mississippi | $42,230 | $35,810 to $51,540 | 1,550 |
| Missouri | $45,660 | $38,130 to $58,240 | 3,130 |
| Montana | $48,240 | $40,930 to $58,500 | 760 |
| Nebraska | $48,870 | $44,650 to $59,030 | 1,260 |
| Nevada | $50,080 | $41,430 to $59,840 | 4,100 |
| New Hampshire | $55,200 | $45,660 to $65,330 | 750 |
| New Jersey | $55,170 | $46,150 to $70,510 | 5,600 |
| New Mexico | $44,840 | $34,940 to $56,430 | 890 |
| New York | $60,580 | $48,210 to $73,630 | 11,620 |
| North Carolina | $47,490 | $38,860 to $60,690 | 5,550 |
| North Dakota | $54,210 | $44,420 to $65,610 | 490 |
| Ohio | $46,110 | $38,220 to $58,240 | 5,730 |
| Oklahoma | $40,460 | $35,040 to $48,490 | 2,290 |
| Oregon | $56,210 | $47,220 to $61,950 | 2,470 |
| Pennsylvania | $46,920 | $38,420 to $57,120 | 6,250 |
| Rhode Island | $63,520 | $54,000 to $64,940 | 800 |
| South Carolina | $45,320 | $37,010 to $58,370 | 3,200 |
| South Dakota | $46,860 | $38,420 to $54,150 | 610 |
| Tennessee | $46,800 | $39,580 to $60,110 | 3,510 |
| Texas | $41,660 | $33,650 to $50,740 | 13,370 |
| Utah | $52,420 | $43,690 to $64,740 | 2,240 |
| Vermont | $59,340 | $47,970 to $69,730 | 420 |
| Virgin Islands | $48,710 | $41,200 to $59,860 | 110 |
| Virginia | $48,660 | $38,810 to $63,250 | 5,900 |
| Washington | $63,550 | $52,410 to $75,420 | 2,910 |
| West Virginia | $41,450 | $32,850 to $50,470 | 740 |
| Wisconsin | $49,070 | $44,290 to $60,750 | 2,740 |
| Wyoming | $47,840 | $38,350 to $57,660 | 580 |
Nationally: $49,100. Shades run from the lowest state median to the highest; a territory below that range takes the lightest. How to read this
How AI touches the work
What AI could speed up, task by task, and where people already use it.
AI could halve the time on 11 of its 26 tasks
| AI rating | Its main tasks | Share of Claude conversations May 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Not much | Inspect work performed to ensure that it meets specifications and established standards. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Perform or assist with cleaning duties as necessary. | Not published |
| Not much | Issue supplies and equipment to workers. | Not published |
| Not much | Recommend or arrange for additional services, such as painting, repair work, renovations, and the replacement of furnishings and equipment. | Not published |
| Not much | Confer with staff to resolve performance and personnel problems, and to discuss company policies. | Not published |
| AI + software | Coordinate activities with other departments to ensure that services are provided in an efficient and timely manner. | Not published |
See all 26 tasks
| Not much | Check and maintain equipment to ensure that it is in working order. | Not published |
| AI + software | Select the most suitable cleaning materials for different types of linens, furniture, flooring, and surfaces. | Not published |
| AI alone | Recommend changes that could improve service and increase operational efficiency. | 0.09% |
| Not much | Instruct staff in work policies and procedures, and the use and maintenance of equipment. | under 0.01% |
| AI alone | Establish and implement operational standards and procedures for the departments supervised. | Not published |
| AI + software | Investigate complaints about service and equipment, and take corrective action. | Not published |
| Not much | Inventory stock to ensure that supplies and equipment are available in adequate amounts. | Not published |
| Not much | Forecast necessary levels of staffing and stock at different times to facilitate effective scheduling and ordering. | Not published |
| AI + software | Advise managers, desk clerks, or admitting personnel of rooms ready for occupancy. | Not published |
| Not much | Inspect and evaluate the physical condition of facilities to determine the type of work required. | Not published |
| AI + software | Prepare reports on activity, personnel, and information, such as occupancy, hours worked, facility usage, work performed, and departmental expenses. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Direct activities for stopping the spread of infections in facilities, such as hospitals. | Not published |
| Not much | Evaluate employee performance and recommend personnel actions, such as promotions, transfers, and dismissals. | Not published |
| AI + software | Plan and prepare employee work schedules. | Not published |
| AI + software | Maintain required records of work hours, budgets, payrolls, and other information. | under 0.01% |
| Not much | Supervise in-house services, such as laundries, maintenance and repair, dry cleaning, or valet services. | Not published |
| AI + software | Select and order or purchase new equipment, supplies, or furnishings. | Not published |
| Not much | Screen job applicants, and hire new employees. | Not published |
| AI + software | Perform financial tasks, such as estimating costs and preparing and managing budgets. | Not published |
| Not much | Perform grounds maintenance tasks, such as removing snow and mowing the lawn. | Not published |
Ordered by how important O*NET's respondents rate each task (1 to 5) times the share who say it is part of their job. The ordering is ours. 5 of the 26 have a published share of Claude conversations; “not published” means too few conversations for Anthropic to publish a figure.
Where people already use AI
The tasks above say what AI could speed up. This shows what people are using it for. Its 26 tasks fall under 19 work activities that many occupations share, and Microsoft counted how often each one came up in 200,000 conversations with its Copilot assistant in 2024.
- #38 Select materials or equipment for operations or projects
| Work activity | This occupation's tasks under it | People asked AI for help in 10,000 conversations |
AI did it for them in 10,000 conversations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Communicate with others about operational plans or activities | |||
| Select materials or equipment for operations or projects | |||
| Advise others on business or operational matters | |||
| Clean tools, equipment, facilities, or work areas | |||
| Maintain operational records | |||
| Evaluate personnel capabilities or performance | |||
| Train others on operational or work procedures | |||
| Supervise personnel activities |
Show all 19 activities
| Investigate organizational or operational problems | |||
| Determine resource needs of projects or operations | |||
| Schedule operational activities | |||
| Maintain tools or equipment | |||
| Estimate project development or operational costs | |||
| Inspect completed work or finished products | |||
| Inspect facilities or equipment | |||
| Develop educational programs, plans, or procedures | |||
| Assign work to others | |||
| Monitor resources or inventories | |||
| Distribute materials, supplies, or resources |
How people in this work use Claude
What people in this work made with Claude % of conversations
- A plan or strategy26%
- A document or report22%
- Advice or a recommendation16%
- An email or message5%
- An analysis or summary5%
How they worked with Claude
78% of these conversations were about work. Anthropic Economic Index, May 2026.
How to read this
Work activities come from O*NET, which links every task to the broader activities it involves. Microsoft's figures are for the activity across everyone who used Copilot, not for first-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers specifically. Copilot is a general chat assistant; dedicated coding tools are not included, so programming help is under-counted here. Activities are listed by how many of this occupation's tasks fall under them.
The task ratings say whether AI could halve the time a task takes: on its own (“AI alone”), or with software built on it (“AI + software”). They were made by people in 2023 (Eloundou et al.). Claude's share is the task's share of all Claude.ai conversations in May 2026; Anthropic doesn't publish a task with too few conversations. None of these add up to the BLS exposure group, which combines five research measures.
More in the Guide: task ratings · task order · work activities · Copilot figures · Claude
High exposure doesn't mean fewer jobs
BLS projects most occupations in its two most exposed groups to grow: 141 of 206 rated Very high and 165 of 206 rated High. Each dot is one of the 831 occupations BLS rates.
Career moves into and out of this occupation
From moves between occupations found in online resumes, 2002–2016. Career changes only: a first job after school isn't a move.
Where people moved next
of 41,805 moves out
- 1 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 9%
- 2 General and Operations Managers High +5.0% 7%
- 3 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Low +0.6% 5%
- 4 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Moderate +3.8% 4%
- 5 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers High +4.1% 4%
Where people moved in from
of 46,370 moves in
- 1 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Low +0.6% 9%
- 2 Managers, All Other (2010 group) an older group BLS has since split; no exposure group today 6%
- 3 Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks Very high +1.8% 6%
- 4 General and Operations Managers High +5.0% 4%
- 5 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers Very high +0.1% 3%
Resumes over-represent younger, white-collar job-seekers and moves into management. Schubert, Stansbury and Taska (resume data).
Education and training for the occupation
O*NET survey of workers in this occupation
- 3% less than high school
- 43% high school
- 8% postsecondary certificate
- 19% some college
- 14% associate's
- 12% bachelor's
O*NET 31.0 survey of workers in this occupation · 24 people answered.
Census survey (American Community Survey)
- 13% less than high school
- 38% high school
- 24% some college
- 8% associate's
- 13% bachelor's
- 3% master's
- 1% professional degree
Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation · 2,008 people surveyed.
Why the two can differ
O*NET asks about 20 people in each occupation, which makes its shares uncertain, but it reports the exact occupation and counts certificates. The Census survey reaches thousands, but it groups some occupations together and counts degrees only. More in the Guide
Median pay by highest degree full-time, year-round · Census ACS 2024, all workers in this occupation
1 program: Building/Property Maintenance.
Jobs that require a credential BLS Occupational Requirements Survey 2023
44.8% this occupation
45.3% all occupations
| By kind | This occupation | All occupations |
|---|---|---|
| a license | 2.8% | 19.1% |
| a certification | 5.4% | 5.8% |
| an educational certificate | <0.5% | 2.8% |
Share of jobs whose employer requires it. BLS doesn't say which credential. How to read this
Look up certifications, training and licenses U.S. Department of Labor
- Certification Finder ↗ certifications CareerOneStop lists for this occupation
- Training Finder ↗ schools and programs, nationwide; narrow the place there
- License Finder ↗ licenses by state
- Apprenticeship Finder ↗ DOL lists 1 registered apprenticeship in this occupation (MANAGER, HOUSEHOLD (Private Residence)). Apprenticeship.gov can't be linked to one occupation, so search for “First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers” there.
These open in a new tab and send only the occupation's public code. More in the Guide
BLS AI exposure categories (Aug 2026) · BLS Employment Projections 2025–35 · O*NET 31.0 · Task ratings: Eloundou et al., Science (2024) · Microsoft "Working with AI" v1.1 · Anthropic Economic Index (2026-06-26) · Schubert, Stansbury and Taska · NCES CIP–SOC · Census ACS 2024 · BLS JOLTS
See it online, and explore any career: https://www.pathmosaic.com/card/37-1011.00